MEANING AND CONCEPTS OF MANAGEMENT

The word ‘management’ can be styled as: Manage-men-t (i.e., manage men tactfully). Why manage men tactfully? This is intended to get things done. To manage men tactfully, one has to understand the highly unpredictable and uncertain human nature. Owing to this, management is a very complicated and challenging activity. A simple traditional definition defines it as the “art of getting things done by others.”. This definition brings in two elements, namely, the accomplishment of objectives and the direction of group activities toward the goal. The weakness of this definition is that firstly it uses the word “art,” whereas management is not merely an art, but it is both art and science. Secondly, the definition does not state the various functions of a manager clearly. The study of a discipline should start with its definition delineating properly its contents and characteristics, defining its scope and boundary, and prescribing the objectives for which it stands. From this point of view, we can proceed only when we define management. However, a precise definition of management is not so simple because the term management is used in a variety of ways. Being a new discipline, it has drawn concepts and principles from several disciplines such as economics, sociology, psychology, anthropology, statistics, and so on. The result is that each group of contributors has treated management differently. For example, economists have treated management as a factor of production; sociologists have treated it as a class or group of persons; practitioners have treated it as a process comprising different activities. Naturally, all these divergent groups view the nature and scope of management from their points of view. Thus, taking all these points of view together, it becomes difficult to define management comprehensively.